Influence of Industrial Agricultural Zones on The Morphological Quality of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Leaves in Jember, Indonesia: Implications for Agribusiness Sustainability

Abstract

This study analyzed the influence of industrial agricultural zones on the morphological quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves cultivated in Jember, Indonesia. Samples were collected from industrial and traditional cultivation zones to assess how cultivation intensity and environmental management affect leaf form, surface characteristics, and visual quality, key parameters determining agribusiness value. Morphological analysis included measurements of leaf length, width, thickness, color index, surface gloss, and visible trichome density. Results showed that tobacco grown in industrial zones exhibited thicker leaves but lower surface gloss, darker coloration, and reduced visible trichome density compared to those grown in traditional semi-organic systems. These differences may result from intensive fertilizer and pesticide use, affecting photosynthetic balance and wax deposition on the leaf surface. Morphological traits were positively correlated with the leaf quality index used in the tobacco trade. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable cultivation practices in industrial farming to maintain both productivity and morphological quality essential for premium agribusiness products